<title>Optical manipulation of liquid crystals using a two-beam technique</title>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The development of techniques of optical manipulation of matter attracts great attention. One of the most interesting mechanisms for such manipulation is the dielectric light- matter interaction. This point was used by R. Beth, in 1936, to demonstrate an angular manipulation of a birefringent uniform macroscopic object. We have proposed and developed a two-beam technique that is used for the manipulation of nematic liquid crystal materials. Pertinent external control parameters, such as the mutual polarization of the two beams, the ratio of the two beams' intensity, the total intensity and the interaction geometry, are pointed out. Effective optical control via the non-resonant angular momentum transfer to the cluster of illuminated molecules is predicted and realized experimentally. In particular, it is shown that quasi-uniform precession regimes may be light- controlled at 100 percent. Moreover it is shown that the circularly polarized light-induced breakdown of orientational symmetry in non-chiral liquid crystal may result in their macroscopic chiral organization. Stationary, precessing and oscillating chiral modes are observed which may be controlled via the above mentioned external parameters. Consequently, since the non-planar deformations are at the origin of the multi stability of the system, it is expected from the theory that some important features of the isothermal light-induced phase transition should be continuously light-driven, without breaking the circular symmetry of the excitation beams. We believe that our two- beam technique is not restricted to the field of liquid crystal and may be also applied in biophysics, where living entities should play the role of the non-absorbing and birefringent material.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.060 | 0.023 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".