Biological characteristics of <i>Monilinia fructicola</i> isolates from stone fruits in eastern West Virginia
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Monilinia fructicola, the causal agent of brown rot, was recovered from decayed stone fruits (peach, plum and nectarine) in 11 West Virginia orchards. There was significant variation among these isolates with respect to colony morphology, growth rate, sporulation level, sensitivity to fenbuconazole, vegetative compatibility and virulence. Species identification was confirmed using ITS sequences from the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene. The cultural phenotypes on potato dextrose agar (PDA) ranged from white to dark, melanized colonies. The growth rate of the isolates on PDA ranged from 0.3 to 3.2 mm day−1 at 4 °C, from 2.9 to 7.6 mm day−1 at 10 °C, and from 4.8 to 19 mm day−1 at 24 °C. There was a statistically significant relationship between the growth of the isolates on PDA and their aggressiveness on nectarines at 24 °C, especially at higher inoculum concentrations. Sporulation of 3-day-old cultures on peach agar at 24 °C varied from profuse to no sporulation, with some isolates sporulating only sparsely after 10 days. The EC50 for fenbuconazole ranged from 0.003 to 0.129 μg μL−1 and for two reference isolates was 0.020 and 0.016 μg μL−1. Only a few vegetative compatibility groups were identified among isolates within orchards, reflecting the lack of sexual recombination in this region.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it