Changes in subantarctic fur seal pups' activity budget and diving behaviours throughout the rearing period
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Time spent in the water and diving behaviour of subantarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus tropicalis (Gray, 1872)) at Amsterdam Island in the southern Indian Ocean were investigated using time–depth recorders throughout the pup-rearing period. The main finding of this study, contrary to the findings of previous studies conducted on other fur seal species, was the decrease in the mean daily amount of time spent in the water throughout the pup-rearing period. The decrease in the amount of time spent in the water by older individuals compared with younger ones is likely to be related to the reduction of the pups' energy expenditure with a decreasing provisioning rate by their mothers. No change in the number of dives or the amount of time dedicated to diving relative to the time spent in the water could be detected throughout the pup-rearing period. The mean maximum dive depth increased with pup age and decreased with pup mass, and maximum dive duration was also found to increase with pup age. The positive effect of pup size on dive rates was the only relationship suggesting that pups' growth performance may act positively on the ontogeny of their diving capabilities. The large interindividual variation in the amount of time spent in the water and in dive rates, and the absence of any clear relationship with pup mass and pup growth performance, suggest the existence of alternative strategies: either pups invest more energy in developing their swimming and diving abilities, to the detriment of the body fat stores, or reduce their activity level to enhance body fat stores to increase their postweaning survival rate.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".