Low-Noise, High-Gain Transimpedance Amplifier Integrated With SiAPD for Low-Intensity Near-Infrared Light Detection
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A fully integrated near-infrared spectroscopy photoreceiver including two new silicon avalanche photodiodes (SiAPDs) and a new transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is proposed in this paper. SiAPDs are designed in p+/n-well structure with guard-rings realized in different shapes. The TIA front-end has been designed using distributed-gain concept combined with resistive-feedback and common-gate topology to reach low-noise, low-power consumption, high gain-bandwidth product characteristics and it is robust against power-supply variation (1-3 V). This circuit is developed using 0.35 μm CMOS technology and the measurement results are compared with other results from the literature. The designed rectangular and octagonal SiAPDs have the avalanche gain of 100 and 45 with the breakdown voltage of 9 and 6 V and the photon absorption efficiency of 45% and 25% at 800 nm. Fabricated TIA offers high-transimpedance gain (up to 250 MV/A), tunable BW (1 kHz-1 GHz), extremely low input and output noises (100 fA/√Hz, 1.8 μV/√Hz), and low-power consumption (0.8 mW). The impact and effects of on-chip integration of SiAPD and TIA front-end have been also measured and evaluated.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it