Bone complications of androgen deprivation therapy: screening, prevention, and treatment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Contemporary treatments for prostate cancer have probably contributed to prolonged survival in a significant number of patients. Those under androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) face, however, the danger of increased bone complications that may arise due to compromised bone integrity. Such complications include fractures due to accelerated bone resorption and pathologic fractures due to the metastases that often occur with cancer progression. We herein discuss available strategies to avoid bone loss in this patient population. RECENT FINDINGS: Present recommendations to counter the effects of ADT on bone integrity include calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Bisphosphonates are helpful in reducing bone resorption and improving bone mineral density. New agents such as denosumab (a monoclonal antibody against RANK ligand) and selective estrogen receptor modulators seem to hold promise with respect to fracture risk reduction in patients on ADT. SUMMARY: Bone health in patients suffering from prostate cancer is gaining increased attention, especially with active agents reaching maturity in randomized trials. Ultimately, bone preservation should become the concern of every physician caring for patients on ADT.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".