Environmental and inoculum-source effects on resistance of Idaho F2 western white pine in British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An Idaho orchard seed source (RTB F2) of western white pine (Pinus monticola) was confirmed as having fewer blister rust cankers (average 18%) caused by Cronartium ribicola than native stock (average 62%) in plantations in the interior of British Columbia, Canada, but not at low, coastal elevations (average 59%). Placing RTB F2 seedlings at different sites after five separate inoculation tests confirmed that more cankers developed at the coast than in the interior of British Columbia. This suggested that differences between coast and interior results were due to environmental effects, not to inoculum sources, as coastal and interior inoculum caused the same effects. Putative resistance traits in RTB F2 are needle shed and fungicidal short shoot. However, needle shed occurred only at one site, and it was associated with poor growing conditions, not genetic traits. Most seedlings classified as fungicidal short shoot 2 years after inoculation eventually developed cankers. However, after 3 or 4 years, some seedlings shed their infected needles naturally without developing cankers (a spots-only response), and others developed resistant cankers called slow canker growth. Based on published data, only 35% of the inoculated seedlings were expected to be cankered, but because needle shed did not occur, and because fungicidal-short-shoot seedlings were observed longer than in the previous study, 98% (mean value) were cankered when planted at the coast, and 74% (mean value) were cankered when planted in the interior. As an alternative to a needle-shed trait to account for the good field resistance (few cankers) of Idaho F2 stock in the British Columbia interior, it is hypothesized that good field resistance is the result of both a short growing season and natural infection at a later age, which enhances resistance responses
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".