Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy is very common in the United States. Colon cancer is the third most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer death in the United States. The most common cause of inherited colorectal cancer is familial adenomatous polyposis, which accounts for 1% of all new colon cancers. The other inherited polyposis syndromes account for 0.1% of all large intestinal malignancies. This heterogeneous group of inherited disorders [Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), Cowden's syndrome (CS), Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalacaba syndrome (BRRS), and juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS)] results in an increased risk of colorectal cancer as well as upper GI cancer. Although all of the hamartomatous polyposis syndromes result in an increased risk of colon cancer, PJS and JPS have a much higher rate of GI malignancy than CS or BRRS. Other complications of these disorders also produce substantial morbidity. In PJS, intussusception and GI bleeding, which can result in multiple laparotomies and short bowel syndrome, present a more formidable management problem than malignancy. In CS, associated extra-intestinal malignancies of breast and thyroid pose the greatest threat. An understanding of the variable genetic defects, clinical presentations, and treatment options of these disorders allows for earlier diagnosis and successful treatment for at-risk individuals. KEYWORDS Peutz-Jeghers syndrome - juvenile polyposis syndrome - Cowden's syndrome - Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalacaba syndrome - inherited polyposis syndromes - Cronkhite-Canada syndrome
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.036 | 0.013 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".