St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.,Clusiaceae) polysaccharides affect the signal transduction of human skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The traditional dermatological use of Hypericum perforatum L., Clusiaceae, extracts is currently undergoing a renaissance and a potential use in treatment of topic dermatitis is discussed. Since the use of H. perforatum extracts for topical treatment of skin diseases like atopic dermatitis has been discussed, the intention of the present study was to determine the most active polysaccharide fraction of the crude extract influencing keratinocytes and even fibroblasts. The crude polysaccharide fraction was fractionated by anion exchange chromatography (AEC) with regard to the polymer acidity followed by treatment of skin cells with 10µg/ml of each obtained polysaccharide. qRT-PCR studies elucidated the influence of polysaccharides on the expression of proliferation (EGF-R, FGF2-R, InsR, STAT6, FGF-7) and differentiation (PKC-α, SMAD3) related genes. The crude polysaccharide of St. John wort water extract induced the differentiation as measured by involucrin and keratin K1 and K10 content, while no effects on proliferation were observed. In the case of the AEC, fractions the two most acidic polysaccharides revealed a very strong effect on keratinocyte differentiation examined morphologically as well as by determination of involucrin. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that the PKC-α gene was the preferred up-regulated gene in keratinocytes. The effect on primary fibroblasts was different: Mitochondrial activity as well as proliferation was enhanced. Examination of proliferation specific genes showed that the EGF-R, STAT6 and FGF-7genes were up-regulated as compared to the untreated control cells. Apoptotic and necrotic cells were not observed after treatment of skin cells with St. John wort polysaccharides. In conclusion it could be shown that the acidic polysaccharides exert the greatest influence on keratinocyte differentiation and that their influence on epidermal keratinocytes differs from their effect on dermal fibroblasts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".