Chemical Modification of a Sulfonated Membrane with a Cationic Polyaniline Layer to Improve its Permselectivity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The surface of a cation-exchange membrane (Neosepta) bearing sulfonate groups was modified by a thin polyaniline layer to produce a thin positively charged layer at its surface. This modification induces a slight modification of the surface morphology as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy and a decrease in ion exchange capacity. The presence of the polyaniline layer was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The selectivity of the modified and unmodified membranes toward protons vs. metallic cations such as and were determined after electrodialysis in a two-compartment electrochemical cell. The data indicate that the transport of the metallic cations is decreased significantly following the modification of the membrane with the cationic polyaniline layer. The latter allows the transport of protons from the catholyte to the anolyte compartment with a much improved selectivity since the divalent cations are excluded from the membrane due to the electrostatic barrier created by the thin protonated polyaniline layer. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".