Anatomical Study of the Princeps Pollicis Artery Perforator Flap
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The volar aspect of the thumb often requires local flaps for reconstruction. This study characterizes perforators of the princeps pollicis artery (PPA) and evaluates the potential of a local propeller-type flap raised using these perforators for reconstruction of these defects. METHODS: Cadavers underwent whole-body lead-oxide injection and were then imaged using a 64-slice spiral computed tomographic scanner. The DICOM images were imported into Materialise's Interactive Medical Imaging Control System (Materialise, Belgium) for 3-dimensional reconstruction of the microvasculature. The number, length, caliber, and location of perforators arising from the PPA were determined and a plot was generated illustrating the relative distribution of perforators. RESULTS: A total of 16 PPA perforators were identified in the 8 specimen hands. Perforators had a mean (SD) diameter of 1.2 (0.4) mm and mean (SD) length of 8.9 (4.8) mm. The PPA perforators were consistently identified along the radial aspect of the thenar region. Seventy percent of all PPA perforators can be found over the distal 50% of the MC [20%-54%; mean (1SD)]. CONCLUSIONS: Perforators of the PPA were found in all hands and the average caliber and length of the perforators identified is sufficient for the creation of a local perforator flap. This, coupled with the mean location of these perforators, arising near the base of the thumb, confirms that a cutaneous flap from the thenar region can be raised based on this perforator as a propeller flap to obtain coverage of distal cutaneous defects of the thumb.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".