Configurable Input–Output Power Pad for Wafer-Scale Microelectronic Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We describe, in this paper, a new digital input-output power configurable PAD (CPAD) for a wafer-scale-based rapid prototyping platform for electronic systems. This wafer-scale platform includes a reconfigurable wafer-scale circuit that can interconnect any digital components manually deposited on its active alignment-insensitive surface. The whole platform is powered using a massive grid of embedded voltage regulators. Power is fed from the bottom side of the wafer using through silicon vias. The CPAD can be configured to provide CMOS standard voltages of 1.0, 1.5, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.3 V using a single 3.3 V power supply. The digital I/O includes transistors sharing and is embedded within the regulation circuit by combining it with a turbo mode that insures high-speed operation. Fast load regulation is achieved with a 5.5-ns response time to a current step load for a maximum current of 110 mA per CPAD. The proposed circuit architecture benefits from a hierarchical arborescence topology where one master stage drives 16 CPADs with a very small quiescent current of 366 nA. The CPAD circuit and the master stage occupy a small area of 0.00847 and 0.00726 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , respectively, in CMOS 0.18-μm technology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".