Impact of Leishmania metalloprotease GP63 on macrophage signaling
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Several Leishmania surface molecules are known to be important virulence factors. For instance, LPG is recognized as one of the key virulence factor for Leishmania. Interestingly, recent findings permit to believe that the Leishmania GP63 could be also a critical one. GP63 is a metalloprotease found in all Leishmania species under different forms going from membrane-bound to extracellularly secreted ones. Even before parasite entries into the host macrophage, GP63 provides parasite resistance to the complement-mediated lysis and facilitate promastigote engulfment by macrophages. Additionally, it has been found that the degradation of proteins from the macrophage extracellular matrix by GP63 could confer protection to promastigotes, as well as amastigotes, during their initial interaction with the host cell. More recently, GP63 has been observed to rapidly enter within the host macrophage -in part via lipid raft microdomains- and to be pivotal for the subversion of host innate immune response. For instance, it has been found to be responsible for the activation of negative regulatory mechanisms involving activation of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs; SHP-1, PTP1B and TCPTP) that lead to the alteration of several key signalling pathways utilizing JAK and MAP kinases family members, as well as the pivotal IRAK-1 kinase for toll like-dependent signalling. In addition, it has been recently reported that inactivation of some transcription factors such as AP-1 occurs directly in the nuclear environment of the infected cells, and to involve the cleavage and degradation of c-jun and c-fos family members by GP63. Altogether, this signalling inactivation under the mediation of GP63 concurs to inhibit important antimicrobial actions usually under the regulation of the innate immune response, and therefore favouring the survival and propagation of the parasite once into its host intracellular environment.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it