MODELING DROPLET SIZE DISTRIBUTION NEAR A NOZZLE OUTLET IN AN ICING WIND TUNNEL
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The median volume diameter (MVD) and the droplet size distribution (DSD) in an aerosol cloud under icing conditions are investigated. The procedure involves experimental observation of aerosol size distributions in an icing wind tunnel, computing the MVD by applying an empirical formula, and matching a distribution function to experimental data so as to estimate the DSD. Some of the nozzle dynamic parameters (NDPs), i.e., nozzle water and air pressure, are varied throughout the experiments, and droplet diameter is measured near the nozzle outlet. A new empirical formula is proposed that expresses the relationship between the MVD and the NDPs and, compared to previous studies, provides wind tunnel operators with a more convenient technique to estimate the MVD in the operational range of the selected nozzles. Moreover, the least squares fitting technique is used to find the best-fitting distribution function among published empirical relationships intended to model the DSD for nozzle-generated aerosol. The MVD and DSD obtained by this procedure, together with the NDPs and the thermodynamic parameters, may be used to model and control two-phase flows in icing wind tunnels.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it