The carboxylation efficiency of the vitamin K‐dependent clotting factors: studies with factor IX
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Haemophilia B is characterized by a deficiency of the gamma-carboxylated protein, factor IX (FIX). As a first step to optimize a gene therapy strategy to treat haemophilia B, we employed a previously described approach (Biochemistry 2000;39: 14322) of altering the propeptide of vitamin K-dependent proteins in vitro, to improve the carboxylation efficiency of FIX. Both native FIX and FIX with a prothrombin propeptide (proPT-FIX) produced recombinant FIX in vitro following transfection of their cDNAs into human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. Using hydroxyapatite chromatography to separate carboxylated from uncarboxylated FIX, we are able to show that >90% of FIX is gamma-carboxylated and that substituting the propeptide of prothrombin into FIX does not further increase the relative amounts of carboxylated material. These results demonstrate that the nature of the propeptide, per se is not the sole determinant of optimal carboxylation of FIX in our expression system in HEK 293 cells.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it