Drying Related Strain Development in Restrained Wood
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate elastic, viscoelastic, mechanosorptive, and plastic strains developed by the drying process in perpendicular-to-grain restrained western hemlock specimens. Drying tests were performed on small, clear wood specimens sawn in such a manner that either the tangential or the radial direction was parallel to their length, where stress driven deformation rates were determined using resistive transducers. Different mechanical restraint schemes were designed by using weights for partly and a load cell for totally restrained specimens. The difference from previous research done in this domain was the restraining technique, which allowed stress to be induced by the drying process, thus, wood was forced to lift the weight as it reached the fiber saturation point. Drying rates were determined gravimetrically on free specimens having similar wood structure. Experiments with free and restrained specimens were carried out simultaneously while drying at 40, 60, and 80°C, down to 17, 12, and 6% target moisture contents. Overall, the magnitude of restrained shrinkage was successfully quantified and separated in free, combined viscoelastic and mechanosorptive and plastic strains. In all these preliminary experiments the dimensional change started at high overall moisture contents, temperature and environmental conditions being key factors. The results can be used to assess the stress indirectly by studying the restrained strain together with moisture content value.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".