P4‐251: Dysphagia in individuals with Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review of the evidence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dementia is a syndrome that can be caused by a number of neurodegenerative disorders that affect memory, thinking, behavior, and the ability to perform activities of daily living. Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia and currently affects approximately 250,000 Canadians. Individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer's type may experience swallowing impairment, or dysphagia, during the progression of the disease. Swallowing function is controlled in part by the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system. The primary objective of this study was to review studies of dysphagia in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Secondary objectives included identification and review of the literature concerning autonomic dysfunction in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Systematic searches of the PubMed, EBSCOhost, PsychINFO, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Scopus databases were completed. Search terms included dementia, Alzheimer's disease, swallowing, deglutition disorders, autonomic nervous system, and parasympathetic nervous system. Published studies and grey literature describing dysphagia or autonomic dysfunction in the context of Alzheimer's disease were identified. Studies were reviewed and organized into categories according to type. These categories included clinical reports, physiologic studies, and brain imaging studies. The literature contains evidence that dementia of the Alzheimer's type results in distinct dysphagia or dysautonomia profiles, even in the early stages of the disease process. Although the prevalence and incidence of dysphagia or dysautonomia in the Alzheimer's population is unknown, there is preliminary evidence to suggest that dysphagia or autonomic dysfunction can occur in dementia of the Alzheimer's type.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.030 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.016 | 0.016 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".