Influence of an inert background gas on bimetallic cross-beam pulsed laser deposition
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A cross-beam pulsed laser deposition (CBPLD) system operated at variable pressure in an inert (He) background atmosphere was used to deposit films from two dissimilar targets (Pt–Ru and Pt–Au). Using this setup, we showed that films with mixed Pt–Au and Pt–Ru composition can be prepared over the whole compositional range, from [Pt] = 0 to 100at.%. Films deposited at He pressure higher than 1.6Torr are fairly homogeneous and the standard deviation of the Pt concentration over the whole area of the deposit is less than 1at.%. Using a diaphragm located at the interaction zone between the two plasmas, a drastic reduction of the normalized droplet density was observed, from about 700×102cm−2nm−1 in conventional PLD to 6×102cm−2nm−1 in CBPLD. The deposition rate increases as the pressure is increased from vacuum to an optimal He pressure. The deposition rate decreases again for higher He pressure. The optimal operating conditions are P(He)=2Torr for Pt–Ru and P(He)=4Torr for Pt–Au. In these conditions, the deposition rates are, respectively, ∼32% and ∼22% of what they would be in conventional PLD. The behavior of the deposition rate with the He pressure is consistent with what can be concluded from a visual observation of the interaction of the plasma plumes at various pressures. A simple model considering the quadratic dependence of the velocity on the flow resistance of heavy particles in the rarefied light ambient particles is developed to understand the role of the background gas in the deposition rate. This model succeeds in predicting a maximum in the deposition rate versus He pressure curve, allowing us to get a better physical understanding of what is going on during the interaction between the two plasma plumes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it