Comparison of serum albumin, C‐reactive protein and carotid atherosclerosis as predictors of 10‐year mortality in hemodialysis patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Serum albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and the intima-medial thickness of the common carotid artery (CA-IMT) are associated with clinical outcomes in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, it remains unclear which parameters are more reliable as predictors of long-term mortality. We measured serum albumin, CRP, and CA-IMT in 206 HD patients younger than 80 years old, and followed them for the next 10 years. One hundred sixty-eight patients (age: 57 +/- 11 years, time on HD: 11 +/- 7 years) were enrolled in the analyses. We divided all patients into three tertiles according to their albumin levels, and conducted multivariate analyses to examine the impact on 10-year mortality. Seventy-three (43.5%) patients had expired during the follow-up. Serum albumin was significantly lower in the expired patients than in the surviving patients (3.8 +/- 0.3 vs. 4.0 +/- 0.3, P<0.01), while CRP (4.7 +/- 5.0 vs. 2.8 +/- 3.5 g/L, P=0.01) and CA-IMT (0.70 +/- 0.15 vs. 0.59 +/- 0.11 mm, P<0.01) were significantly higher in the expired group. The multivariate analysis revealed that there was a significantly higher risk for total mortality in HD patients with serum albumin <3.8 g/dL (odds ratio 5.04 [95% CI: 1.30-19.60], P=0.02) when compared with those with albumin >4.1 g/dL. In contrast, CRP and CA-IMT did not associate with total death. It follows from these findings that serum albumin is more superior as a mortality predictor compared with CRP and CA-IMT in HD patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".