Eco-Histopathology of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from Industrially Contaminated Locations of Ologe Lagoon, South-western, Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A study was carried out to assess the physico-chemical, heavy-metals parameter and Histopathology of adult fish specimen of Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus collected from effluents sources of Ologe lagoon. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of industrial effluents on the lagoon, and on the health of resident fish fauna. 5 sample stations were marked out. Water samples were collected in triplicates; once every two months from each sample station. Effluent samples from the three point sources were also analyzed. Mean values for physico-chemical parameters, heavy-metals and three other effluent sources monitored ranges are pH, 6.17±0.42-10.25±1.18, DO, 1.18±0.50-6.13±1.03 mg/l, TDS, 86.6±19.17-621.97±16.22 mg/l, hardness, ND–58.03±0.90 mg/l, alkalinity, 22.06±8.08-352.37±14.58 mg/l, Cl-1, 31.09±18.16-268.98±31.41 mg/l, acidity, ND-73.73±13.00 mg/l, Zn, 0.07±0.01-0.65±0.18 mg/l, Fe, ND-1.40±0.50 mg/l, Cu, 0.001±0.001-0.53±0.36 mg/l, Cd, ND-0.07±0.02 mg/l, and Pb, ND-10.15±21.83 mg/l. Several live lesions have been observed in the study as tissue bio-makers consistent with the exposure of fish to effluent. These include pigmented macrophage aggregation, hepatocytes vacoulation, multi foci coagulative necrosis and liver fatty degeneration. The preponderance of these lesions in fish from contaminated waters bordering urban locations similar to our test location has been firmly established and described by other researchers. Therefore, the extent of deformities and cell injuries is as a result of toxicant actions of the industrial effluents.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".