The Effects of Early Continuous Passive Motion after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: Continuous passive motion (CPM) is a common intervention following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, CPM efficacy remains controversial and its application parameters have not been clearly established. This study's purpose was to investigate whether early application of CPM (initiated 6 hours following surgery) would increase knee range of motion (ROM) more rapidly than conventional CPM application (initiated 52 hours following surgery). Methods: Sixty participants were alternately assigned to a conventional group (CPM initiated 52 hours after surgery) or an early group (CPM initiated 6 hours after surgery). During the course of the study, 17 participants in the early group were reassigned to a third, intermediate group (CPM 24 hours after surgery) owing to medical concerns, for example, nausea and extreme joint pain. All participants received CPM twice daily for two hours. Results: Five, six and seven days following surgery, a statistically significant increase in flexion ROM occurred in the early group compared with the conventional group (p <.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups after day 7 (p >.05). Conclusions: Our results suggest that early CPM provides short-term ROM benefits in patients following TKA. Due to methodologic limitations, however, the present results should be considered exploratory. Further studies are needed to examine the benefits of early CPM on patient function, length of hospital stay and hospital costs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".