Heat transfer and flow pattern in co‐current downward steam condensation in vertical pipes‐I: CFD simulation and experimental measurements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The condensation of pure steam flowing inside a vertical tube has been extensively studied during the last nine decades. Considerable amount of experimental and analytical efforts can be found due to the significance of this subject in practice. In the present work (Part I), experimental investigations have been performed over a range of pressure (0.1 < P < 0.35 MPa) and internal tube diameter ( D i = 10, 20 and 43 mm). A two‐dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations have been carried out commercial software Fluent 6.2 [Fluent 6.2, “User's Manual to FLUENT 6.2,” Fluent Inc., Lebanon, USA, 2005]. CFD results were used to predict the temperature profiles, pressure drop and the heat transfer coefficient, which was in close agreement with the experimental values. The film characteristics predicted by the CFD simulations have been compared qualitatively with the photographic images. Further, the CFD model developed in Part I extended for the analysis of all the experimental data reported in the published literature. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".