A new microsaur (Tetrapoda: Lepospondyli) from the Lower Permian of Richards Spur (Fort Sill), Oklahoma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bolterpeton carrolli n.gen. n.sp. is described from the Lower Permian fissure-fill deposits of Richards Spur, Oklahoma. Bolterpeton is united with the gymnarthrid microsaur Cardiocephalus by having teeth compressed labiolingually, a narrow anterior process of the prearticular penetrating the splenial, and the arrangement of the contacts among the splenial, prearticular, and coronoids. It is united with both Cardiocephalus and Euryodus by the size and distribution of the coronoid teeth and the presence of longitudinal striations of enamel on the lingual tooth surface. Unlike those two genera Bolterpeton has peg-like teeth, but it remains unknown whether this represents the primitive condition or a reversal of the massive conical teeth typical of gymnarthrids. Bolterpeton possesses a flat lamina that runs along the lingual surface of the tooth margin. Where two laminae meet at the point of the tooth a labiolingual ridge is formed, which is most pronounced at smaller sizes. Reexamination of Cardiocephalus shows it to have the same morphology on its "incisors." Previous authors have defined teeth bearing this ridge as "weakly bicuspid." If this ridge were homologous with the "strongly bicuspid" condition of lissamphibians, Bolterpeton would provide the first example of this tooth morphology in lepospondyls and would strengthen recent hypotheses suggesting lepospondyls gave rise to some, if not all, modern amphibians.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".