Relevance of phase resolved PD analysis to insulation diagnosis in industrial equipment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The display of digitized PD pulses with respect to the power frequency AC cycle has been widely applied both in the laboratory measurement of PD, as well as within industrial PD measurement systems on equipment such as cables, transformers and rotating machines. Theory shows that PD will occur with a specific polarity and phase position. Furthermore, depending on the location of the PD with respect to the electrodes, the pattern will change. This well-proven phenomena obtained from experiments with single voids and defects has been applied to the industrial measurements of PD using a number of commercial PD detectors on HV apparatus, with the intention of identifying the root cause of any PD. PD data from many stator windings indicates that these basic principles are often valid. However, results from thousands of on-line PD measurements indicate that PD patterns will not always correctly predict the nature of the PD sources, as determined by visual examination of the insulation. Thus diagnosis based on pulse phase analysis in stator winding insulation systems should be done with some skepticism. We speculate that, unlike PD in most other apparatus, there tends to be hundreds of PD sites in stator windings, which may obscure the theoretical patterns.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".