Inhibitory Effects of Nerium oleander L. and Its Compounds, Rutin and Quercetin, on Parthenium hysterophorus L.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aqueous and methanol extracts of Nerium oleander L. leaves inhibited seed germination (Germination Percentage, Germination Speed, Germination Value and Peak Value) and early growth (root hair formation, root & shoot lengths of seedlings) of Parthenium hysterophorus L. in a concentration dependent manner. Methanol extracts of white flowered variety showed higher inhibition compared to that of pink flowered variety (at 1:40 dilution of the stock, inhibition was 60% and 23.4% with white and pink, respectively) and had ~5 fold higher levels of Rutin. Rutin and its aglycoside, Quercetin, when mixed with soil affected seed germination, root and shoot lengths of P. hysterophorus, though the effects varied at varying concentrations. These results demonstrate that N. oleander extracts, Rutin and Quercetin are inhibitory to P.hysterophorus.SDS-PAGE analysis of P.hysterophorus seedlings grown in presence of N. oleander aqueous extracts showed an additional prominent band of 42.66 kDa protein.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".