Transcriptional profiling of medulloblastoma in children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECT: Although medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor found in children, little is known about its molecular pathogenesis. The authors have attempted to compare patterns of gene expression in medulloblastoma samples with those in the healthy cerebellum. METHODS: The authors used complementary (c)DNA microarray analysis to compare the expression of genes in samples of medulloblastoma and normal cerebellum. The expression levels of a subset of genes were then verified by immunohistochemical analysis. Six genes were identified that were expressed at a much higher level in at least five of six medulloblastomas: ezrin, cyclin D2, high mobility group protein 2, MAPRE1, histone deacetylase 2, and ornithine decarboxylase 1. A number of potentially important genes whose expression was much lower in medulloblastomas than in control cerebellum were also identified: tenascin R, TRK-B, FGF receptor, and death receptor 3. The expression levels of a subset of the identified genes were confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis, which was performed on fetal cerebellum and medulloblastoma samples. CONCLUSIONS: The authors demonstrate that cDNA microarray analysis is an effective method of increasing understanding of the molecular biology of medulloblastomas found in children. A comparison between gene expression patterns in medulloblastoma and those observed in healthy cerebellum may provide clues as to the origin of these tumors and may lead to the identification of new genes or pathways to be targeted for future therapies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".