An Exploration of Issues Related to the Study of Generated Traffic and other Impacts Arising from Highway Improvements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Generated traffic has received considerable worldwide attention for its ability to congest newly built roads or return improved roads to their original congested states. By investigating impacts resulting from two contentious highway projects in the Hamilton Census Metropolitan Area, Canada, we address two outstanding issues relating to the study of generated traffic. First, we find that the type of measure used to quantify the phenomenon can impact significantly evidence of its existence. Second, we decompose successfully generated traffic into its constituent parts, namely, induced travel and diverted travel. We also identify the source of each component. Next, we document statistically significant changes in the spatial distribution of traffic flows in the vicinities of the new expressways and throughout the entire network. Finally, our analysis of traffic congestion and vehicular emissions of three pollutants (carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides) suggests that while the new expressways may prove beneficial to the system as a whole, this is not the case for their immediate environs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".