Biodegradation kinetics of <i>trans</i>‐4‐methyl‐1‐cyclohexane carboxylic acid in continuously stirred tank and immobilized cell bioreactors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND: Naphthenic acids are carboxylic acid compounds of oil sands wastewaters that contribute to aquatic toxicity. Biodegradation kinetics of an individual naphthenic acid compound in two types of continuous‐flow bioreactors were investigated as a means of improving remediation strategies for these compounds. RESULTS: This study evaluates the kinetics of biodegradation of trans ‐4‐methy‐1‐cyclohexane carboxylic acid ( trans ‐4MCHCA) using two bioreactor systems and a microbial culture developed in previous work. Using a feed concentration of 500 mg L −1 the biodegradation rate of trans ‐4MCHCA in the immobilized cell bioreactor was almost two orders of magnitude higher than that in a continuously stirred tank bioreactor. The maximum reaction rates of 230 mg (L d) −1 at a residence time of 1.6 d (40 h) and 22 000 mg (L d) −1 at a residence time of 2.6 h were observed in the continuously stirred tank and immobilized cell bioreactors, respectively. In a second immobilized cell system operating with a feed concentration of 250 mg L −1 , a comparable maximum reaction rate (21 800 mg (L d) −1 ) was achieved at a residence time of 1.0 h. CONCLUSION: The use of immobilized cell bioreactors can enhance the biodegradation rate of naphthenic acid compounds by two orders of magnitude. Further, biodegradation greatly reduces the toxicity of the effluent wastewater. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".