fMRI adaptation of color and achromatic contrast in the human LGN and visual cortex: evidence for color and luminance selectivity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Color sensitive neurons in the primate visual system are thought to fall into two distinct types: a minority that are color selective with little response to achromatic contrast, and a majority that respond well to both color and achromatic contrast. The functional roles of these two populations are unknown. Here we use an fMRI adaptation paradigm to investigate the selectivity of the human LGN, V1 and extrastriate cortical areas to color and achromatic contrast. Methods: The effect of adaptation was measured in a block design comparing adaptation and no-adaptation conditions. Adapting stimuli were high contrast isoluminant RG or achromatic sinewave counter-phasing rings (0.5cpd, 2Hz, 12 sec duration) and test stimuli were lower contrast RG or achromatic rings presented for 18 sec. We assume that cross adaptation of responses to chromatic and achromatic stimuli indicates a common neural substrate for both, whereas a lack of cross adaptation indicates selective neural regions. Regions of interest (ROIs; LGN, V1, V2, V3, VP, V3A, V4, hMT+) were independently localized using standard procedures. Functional data were analyzed using percent signal change and fixed effects GLM analyses contrasting responses following adaptation versus no adaptation. Results: We observed the greatest adaptation effect when the adaptor and test stimuli were similar: after chromatic adaptation BOLD responses were lower for chromatic than achromatic stimuli, but after achromatic adaptation responses were lower for achromatic than chromatic stimuli. This effect was found in all ROIs and provides evidence for selective adaptation. Notably, we also found ROI-dependent variation in sensitivity to adaptation. In particular, hMT+ was most affected by adaptation to achromatic contrast for all test stimuli and exhibited the least selectivity. Conclusion: The results support the functional presence of color selective neurons in the human visual system that can adapt independently to color contrast, with the likely exception of hMT+. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2014
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".