Assessing the performance of uv/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> as a pretreatment process in TOC removal of an actual petroleum refinery wastewater and its inhibitory effects on activated sludge
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The treatment of a petroleum refinery wastewater is studied using a bench scale UV/H2O2 photoreactor in batch mode. The average initial total organic carbon (TOC) concentration is 42 mg/L. Moreover, the initial H2O2 concentrations are 345, 690, and 1023 mg/L for initial H2O2/TOC molar ratios of 2.9, 5.8, and 8.6, respectively. The results reveal that the highest treatment efficiency of 78.38 % for the removal of TOC from the refinery wastewater using the bench scale UV/H2O2 photoreactor occurs at the reaction time of 45 min and a pH of 5.0. A three‐factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to verify the statistical significance of the initial H2O2/TOC molar ratio, reaction time, and pH on the bench scale UV/H2O2 photoreactor. Furthermore, the respirometry analysis shows that the pretreated refinery wastewater by the UV/H2O2 process is inhibitory on activated sludge (AS) microorganisms. Thus, the UV/H2O2 process is found to be currently not suitable as a pretreatment process for refinery wastewater treatment at these operational conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".