The Nuclear Pore Complex as a Transport Machine

nuclear envelope nuclear pore complex nucleoporin ribonucleoprotein nuclear localization signal Nucleocytoplasmic Transport and the Nuclear Pore ComplexUnlike their prokaryotic counterparts, eukaryotic cells separate the nuclear synthesis of DNA and RNA from cytoplasmic protein synthesis with a barrier termed the nuclear envelope (NE).1 The NE is perforated by large proteinaceous assemblies, called nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), which act as the sole gatekeepers controlling the exchange of material between the two locales (reviewed in Ref. 1Wente S.R. Science. 2000; 288: 1374-1377Crossref PubMed as and the of as and the the of the the between the and (reviewed in Ref. 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S.R. 2000; PubMed in the in the the in the of the the of the the of a the the a barrier the of the the of the the of the the and of the by The is the of the and the of the the the is by a of with the large of the of the in the of by the with their the of of the exchange between of the The is a as the the barrier of the is a of the 2000; PubMed The is the nuclear and cytoplasmic of the with the the of 2000; PubMed of a nucleoporin the of complexes PubMed PubMed PubMed and a and two the of the and of the and and in two the nuclear and of the of cells the of eukaryotic Nucleocytoplasmic Transport and the Nuclear Pore ComplexUnlike their prokaryotic counterparts, eukaryotic cells separate the nuclear synthesis of DNA and RNA from cytoplasmic protein synthesis with a barrier termed the nuclear envelope (NE).1 The NE is perforated by large proteinaceous assemblies, called nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), which act as the sole gatekeepers controlling the exchange of material between the two locales (reviewed in Ref. 1Wente S.R. Science. 2000; 288: 1374-1377Crossref PubMed as and the of as and the the of the the between the and (reviewed in Ref. PubMed of called the the of and their is by a of between of is which of the the in and their the exchange of the of the and as a their prokaryotic counterparts, eukaryotic cells separate the nuclear synthesis of DNA and RNA from cytoplasmic protein synthesis with a barrier termed the nuclear envelope (NE).1 The NE is perforated by large proteinaceous assemblies, called nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), which act as the sole gatekeepers controlling the exchange of material between the two locales (reviewed in Ref. 1Wente S.R. Science. 2000; 288: 1374-1377Crossref PubMed as and the of as and the the of the the between the and (reviewed in Ref. PubMed of called the the of and their is by a of between of is which of the the in and their the exchange of the of the and as a of the from a PubMed as the a The is a large in is PubMed PubMed a the of the and the a 2000; PubMed the of a large complex from The in the of the The is of a from which the and (reviewed in Ref. 2000; PubMed The of the is in the is of is in a the NE and in a the from in and and the nuclear and cytoplasmic of the NE 2000; PubMed 2000; PubMed PubMed with the large of between and the from a of the large of between of the by in and the of the the of the the is of the the between 2000; PubMed 2000; PubMed from a PubMed as the a The is a large in is PubMed PubMed a the of the and the a 2000; PubMed the of a large complex from The in the of the The is of a from which the and (reviewed in Ref. 2000; PubMed The of the is in the is of is in a the NE and in a the from in and and the nuclear and cytoplasmic of the NE 2000; PubMed 2000; PubMed PubMed with the large of between and the from a of the large of between of the by in and the The Pore and of the Nuclear nuclear envelope is of The NE is with the and the the Nuclear by a of two the the pore The the with the and termed is the of a in by the of the pore and as a the between from as the of pore is and PubMed PubMed the of the pore and with the of the the the a pore and by pore as which is in the PubMed PubMed a pore protein a of the is in PubMed is the of and the of the and nuclear envelope PubMed is a protein in the of in a in as is NE The nuclear envelope is of The NE is with the and the the Nuclear by a of two the the pore The the with the and termed is the of a in by the of the pore and as a the between from as the of pore is and PubMed PubMed the of the pore and with the of the the the a pore and by pore as which is in the PubMed PubMed a pore protein a of the is in PubMed is the of and the of the and nuclear envelope PubMed is a protein in the of in a in as is NE The The and of the is the and the of the the of the 2000; PubMed PubMed of the is in is a of the and of the with and is the of is by and of the is the 2000; PubMed in complex with of their a of protein the 2000; PubMed two of the complex in the complex of by the complex a and a of the and in 2000; PubMed 2000; PubMed of the complex the of the the of the of the of the 2000; PubMed of the in and the of in a and nuclear and cytoplasmic PubMed PubMed PubMed the of the and complex between the as in the is the protein PubMed The of and a complex of the complex PubMed the the NE the the of the the is the the of the as a barrier in the nuclear the and large the complex and the in by PubMed PubMed a of the from a the of a by the of the the and nuclear the of large as ribonucleoprotein PubMed PubMed in of the and the of the 2000; PubMed the in controlling the and of the The of the is the and the of the the of the 2000; PubMed PubMed of the is in is a of the and of the with and is the of is by and of the is the 2000; PubMed in complex with of their a of protein the 2000; PubMed two of the complex in the complex of by the complex a and a of the and in 2000; PubMed 2000; PubMed of the complex the of the the of the of the of the 2000; PubMed of the in and the of in a and nuclear and cytoplasmic PubMed PubMed PubMed the of the and complex between the as in the is the protein PubMed The of and a complex of the complex PubMed the the NE the the of the the is the the of the as a barrier in the nuclear the and large the complex and the in by PubMed PubMed a of the from a the of a by the of the the and nuclear the of large as ribonucleoprotein PubMed PubMed in of the and the of the 2000; PubMed the in controlling the and of the Nucleocytoplasmic Transport and the of the the the of and a in with and their the a nuclear localization signal from the nuclear (reviewed in Ref. 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