Daily physical movement and bone mineral density among a mixed racial cohort of women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: The impact of lifestyle physical activity on bone mineral density (BMD) is unclear. We examined the influence of physical activities typical of everyday life on BMD among 151 women (52.0 +/- 0.9 yr). These women were of low socioeconomic status, and 57.6% were Hispanic, 17.2% black, and 24.5% white. METHODS: BMD was measured at the calcaneus by ultrasound with a Hologic Sahara sonometer. We measured physical activity with two questions from the Yale Physical Activity Survey that assessed h x d(-1) spent in motion typical of the past month and number of flights of stairs climbed up daily. Multivariate ANCOVA adjusted for adiposity and nutrients and medications known to influence BMD determined whether BMD differed between categories of physical activity (<2 vs > or = 2 flights x d(-1) and <7 vs > or = 7 h x d(-1)), menopausal status (pre- vs post-), and ethnic group (white vs nonwhite). RESULTS: Among the premenopausal women (N = 63, 43.2+/-0.9 yr), adjusted mean calcaneal BMD and BMD T-score were similar between categories of stair climbing and accumulated daily movement regardless of ethnic origin (P > 0.05). Among the postmenopausal women (N = 88, 58.1 +/- 1.0 yr), adjusted mean calcaneal BMD (0.561 +/- 0.019 g x cm(-2) vs 0.503 +/- 0.016) (P = 0.022) and BMD T-score (-0.172 +/- 0.166 vs -0.695 +/- 0.143) (P = 0.020) were higher with more flights of stairs climbed daily in the Hispanic and black women only. Similarly, calcaneal BMD (0.579 +/- 0.023 g x cm(-2) vs 0.505 +/- 0.014) (P = 0.010) and BMD T-score (-0.020 +/- 0.209 vs -0.678 +/- 0.129) (P = 0.010) were higher with greater amounts of daily movement in only the older Hispanic and black women. CONCLUSION: Lifestyle physical activity positively impacted BMD indicators in a mixed racial cohort of postmenopausal women. Older Hispanic and black women should be encouraged to engage in physical activities typical of everyday life to attenuate age-related bone loss.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".