The prevalence of seropositivity to hepatitis B surface antigen and the corresponding hemato-biochemical features in sickle cell patients in Ghana
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: The reported prevalence of HBsAg in the general Ghanaian population is high (more than 10%). However, it is anticipated that following the establishment of the Sickle Cell Clinic, due to the comprehensive care, the prevalence of HBsAg among the sickle cell patients should be lower. Method: This study was aimed at screening for the HBsAg in 330 sickle cell patients, as well as using some hemato- biochemical parameters to characterize the seropositives, relative their age-, sex- and genotype-matched seronegative counterparts. Results: Twelve of the subjects (3.6%) were seropositive; 6 males and 6 females, this was lower than the prevalence rates reported from the general population. The mean levels of the following indices were higher in the seropositives; ALT (28.3 ± 19.6 U/L), AST (52.9 ± 36.1 U/L), ALP (181.4 ± 98.1 U/L), LDH (1010 ± 223.5 U/L), albumin (4.4 ± 0.5g/d L ), creatinine (76.0 ± 18.2 µmol/L), urea (4.4 ± 5.8 mmol/L) and platelets (401.3 ± 152.8 × 10 9 /L). However, it was only the difference in the mean creatinine levels that reached statistical significance ( P =0.039). The cases of seropositivity to HBsAg were not active HBV infection, as patients did not show any incriminating symptoms, apart from vaso-occlusive pain. Additionally, the hematologic and biochemical profiles of both groups were similar. Conclusion: Compared to the reports from the general Ghanaian population, the prevalence of HBsAg seropositivity has been shown to be lower, and despite the seropositivity, the hepatic and kidney functions had not been compromised.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".