EPA-1625 – The DCDC2/intron 2 deletion impairs selectively the magnocellular-dorsal stream in normal-readers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The DCDC2/intron 2 deletion increases the risk to Developmental Dyslexia (DD) and DD-related phenotypes, and it is associated with brain functional and structural measures that are important for fluent reading. Illusory motion perception is specifically processed by the magnocellulardorsal (M-D) pathway, which is impaired in individuals with DD. We tested the performance in two psychophysical tasks, tapping the M-D and the parvocellular-ventral (P-V) streams, in normal readers grouped according to the presence/absence of the DCDC2/intron 2 deletion (‘at-risk’ and ‘not at-risk’ groups, respectively). The M-D stream was tested by the Rotating-Tilted-Lines Illusion (RTLI) sensitivity; the P-V pathway, by a grating orientation identification task. Our data showed that the ‘at-risk’ group needed more contrast to process the illusory rotation in the RTLI task, while they perform similarly to the ‘not at-risk’ group in the grating orientation identification task. By showing that the DCDC2/intron 2 deletion influenced the inter-individual variation in the RTLI task, our data demonstrated that the function of the M-D, but not of the P-V, pathway is impaired by this genetic variant. Moreover, our data showed a link between the M-D pathway and the dorsal-phonological reading route; importantly, this correlation is not a consequence of reduced exposure to print, as it might be the case if it was found in subjects with DD, being that it has been found in normal-reading adults. Our findings demonstrated, for the first time, that a specific neurocognitive dysfunction tapping the M-D pathway is related with well-defined genetic susceptibility in normal-reading subjects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".