Drift resonant generation of peaked relativistic electron distributions by Pc 5 ULF waves
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The adiabatic drift‐resonant interaction between relativistic, equatorially mirroring electrons and narrowband, Pc 5 ultra low frequency (ULF) waves in the magnetosphere is investigated using a time‐dependent magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave model. Attention is focused on the effect of a ULF wave packet with finite duration on the equatorially mirroring, relativistic electron phase space density (PSD) profile. It is demonstrated that a burst of narrow band ULF waves can give rise to the growth of strong localized peaks in PSD with L ‐shell by nondiffusive radial transport. This contrasts with the diffusive “external source acceleration mechanism” described by Green and Kivelson (2004), a radial transport mechanism often attributed to ULF waves, which cannot produce peaks in PSD that increase with time. On the basis of this paradigm, observations of locally growing PSD peaks are usually attributed to very low frequency (VLF) wave acceleration by resonant interactions with lower‐band chorus (e.g., Horne et al., 2005). However, we show that in situations where large amplitude, narrow bandwidth ULF waves are also observed, these time‐limited coherent ULF waves can also generate growing PSD peaks and under such circumstances may offer an alternative explanation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".