Differential habitat use and reproductive patterns of frugivorous bats in tropical dry forest of northwestern Costa Rica
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To determine if frugivorous bats in tropical dry forest differentially use a particular habitat and if this use is related to their reproductive patterns, I monitored populations from one site from January 1994 to January 1997 in Parque Nacional Palo Verde in northwestern Costa Rica. Abundance, reproductive condition, sex ratio, age-classes, and recapture data were compared across seasons and years. During 56 nights of sampling, 13 species of frugivores and 5 nectarivores were captured (N = 998). Carollia perspicillata, Artibeus jamaicensis, and Sturnira lilium were significantly more abundant in 1994 than in 1995 or 1996. Carollia perspicillata and A. jamaicensis were captured year-round, but there were peaks of abundance in the dry season and the middle of the rainy season. Sixteen percent of 244 adult female C. perspicillata and 20% of 87 A. jamaicensis were reproductive, principally in February through June. Forty-three percent of 28 adult female S. lilium were reproductive from February to June and in October and December. Fifty-four percent of 26 adult female Centurio senex were reproductive between December 1995 and February 1996. Few subadults were captured at this site. Sex ratios were significantly different across seasons for C. perspicillata and A. jamaicensis. Seventy-three C. perspicillata were recaptured and 25 (34%) of these were recaptured after more than 4 months. The results of this study indicate that the abundance of some tropical frugivorous bats varies between years and (or) over seasons at a particular site within tropical dry forest.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".