Friction Behavior of Boric Acid and Annealed Boron Carbide Coatings Studied by In Situ Raman Tribometry
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The sliding friction behavior of boric acid and annealed boron carbide coatings has been investigated by in situ Raman tribometry. Reciprocating sliding tests were performed in air (∼20% relative humidity) at 1 mm/s with a transparent sapphire hemisphere dead weight loaded against the coated substrates. A homebuilt micro-Raman tribometer recorded the friction force as well as allowed both visualization and Raman spectroscopy of the contacts during sliding. Friction coefficients for the boric acid films remained low (μ ∼ 0.06) throughout sliding until failure (μ ∼ 0.7), at which time boric acid was lost from the contact and substrate material (aluminum) transferred to the slider. Friction coefficients for the annealed boron carbide, known to form boric acid surface films upon cooling, were initially low (0.08), then gradually increased and leveled out at about 0.2. Raman spectroscopy revealed a mixture of boric acid and carbon initially; but as the friction coefficient rose, the boric acid intensity decreased to zero while the carbon intensity increased. Correlations between friction coefficients and amounts of solid lubricating material in the contact are presented, and the role of third bodies in controlling friction is discussed.
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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