Friction Behavior of Boric Acid and Annealed Boron Carbide Coatings Studied by In Situ Raman Tribometry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The sliding friction behavior of boric acid and annealed boron carbide coatings has been investigated by in situ Raman tribometry. Reciprocating sliding tests were performed in air (∼20% relative humidity) at 1 mm/s with a transparent sapphire hemisphere dead weight loaded against the coated substrates. A homebuilt micro-Raman tribometer recorded the friction force as well as allowed both visualization and Raman spectroscopy of the contacts during sliding. Friction coefficients for the boric acid films remained low (μ ∼ 0.06) throughout sliding until failure (μ ∼ 0.7), at which time boric acid was lost from the contact and substrate material (aluminum) transferred to the slider. Friction coefficients for the annealed boron carbide, known to form boric acid surface films upon cooling, were initially low (0.08), then gradually increased and leveled out at about 0.2. Raman spectroscopy revealed a mixture of boric acid and carbon initially; but as the friction coefficient rose, the boric acid intensity decreased to zero while the carbon intensity increased. Correlations between friction coefficients and amounts of solid lubricating material in the contact are presented, and the role of third bodies in controlling friction is discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".