Below the elbow casts were as effective as above the elbow casts for maintaining reduction of forearm fractures in children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bohm ER, Bubbar V, Yong-Hing K, et al. Above and below-the-elbow plaster casts for distal forearm fractures in children. A randomized controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006;88:1–8. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3] Q In children with a closed fracture of the distal third of the forearm, are below the elbow casts as effective as above the elbow casts? Clinical impact ratings GP/FP/Primary care ★★★★☆☆☆ Orthopaedics ★★★★★★☆ Emergency medicine ★★★★☆☆☆ Paediatrics ★★★☆☆☆☆ ### ![Graphic][4]</img>Design: randomised controlled non-inferiority trial. ### ![Graphic][5]</img>Allocation: {concealed*}†. ### ![Graphic][6]</img>Blinding: blinded (outcome assessors).* ### ![Graphic][7]</img>Follow up period: 18 weeks. ### ![Graphic][8]</img>Setting: tertiary care hospital in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. ### ![Graphic][9]</img>Patients: 117 children 4–12 years of age who presented with a closed fracture of the distal third of the forearm requiring reduction. Children with open factures or Salter Harris type III or IV fractures were excluded. ### ![Graphic][10]</img>Intervention: below the elbow (n = 46) or above the elbow (n = 56) cast was applied after closed reduction of the fracture. Reduction was done under conscious sedation in the emergency department within 4 hours, or under … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DThe%2BJournal%2Bof%2BBone%2Band%2BJoint%2BSurgery%26rft.stitle%253DJBJS%26rft.issn%253D0021-9355%26rft.aulast%253DBohm%26rft.auinit1%253DE.%2BR.%26rft.volume%253D88%26rft.issue%253D1%26rft.spage%253D1%26rft.epage%253D8%26rft.atitle%253DAbove%2Band%2BBelow-the-Elbow%2BPlaster%2BCasts%2Bfor%2BDistal%2BForearm%2BFractures%2Bin%2BChildren.%2BA%2BRandomized%2BControlled%2BTrial%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.2106%252FJBJS.E.00320%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F16391243%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.2106/JBJS.E.00320&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=16391243&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F11%2F4%2F107.atom [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [6]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [7]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [8]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif [9]: /embed/inline-graphic-6.gif [10]: /embed/inline-graphic-7.gif
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Commentary About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Not applicable | low |
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Commentary About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Not applicable | high |
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".