Natural and experimental nematode infections in red deer (<i>Cervus</i> <i>elaphus</i> <i>elaphus</i>) and the potential for antemortem serodiagnosis of the tissue worm <i>Elaphostrongylus</i> <i>cervi</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) were exposed to a variety of nematodes, either naturally on pasture (n = 12) or experimentally under controlled conditions (n = 30). Experimental exposures included a combination of one or more of Elaphostrongylus cervi, Dictyocaulus sp., and Muellerius capillaris. The prepatent period of E. cervi infections was 92133 days post exposure (dpe) in 12 deer each given 2042 infective larvae (L 3 ) and maintained under controlled conditions. Adult E. cervi were recovered from all 12 animals at necropsy. The prepatent period of Dictyocaulus sp. was 2337 dpe in 10 deer each given 100 L 3 and maintained under controlled conditions. Adult Dictyocaulus sp. were recovered from seven animals at necropsy. No animal exposed to 4254 M. capillaris L 3 developed patent infections, nor were adult worms recovered at necropsy. There was no evidence of neurologic signs in any deer at any time during the experiment. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using somatic protein extracts of adult E. cervi or those from the closely related nematode Parelaphostrongylus tenuis was evaluated. Although the ELISA was sensitive, it lacked specificity with heterologous infections. However, the close phylogenetic relationship of E. cervi to P. tenuis, and our ELISA results, suggest that molecules from P. tenuis may represent a viable alternative source for use in the future development of a reliable antemortem serodiagnostic assay for E. cervi.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".