Hemolink™, an <i>o</i>‐raffinose cross‐linked haemoglobin‐based oxygen carrier, does not affect activation and function of human platelets in whole blood <i>in vitro</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Haemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) are anticipated to be safe and efficient alternatives to RBC transfusions. Haemoglobin (Hb) raffimer (Hemolink; Hemosol, Toronto, ON, Canada) is polymerized human Hb, cross-linked with o-raffinose. As administration of cell-free Hb may affect blood cells and tissues, this study was focused on evaluating effects of Hb raffimer on human platelets in whole blood in vitro. Citrated blood from healthy donors was incubated with Hb raffimer to achieve raffimer concentrations of 2-50 vol percentage (2-50 g/l). Platelet activation, phosphatidylserine exposure and microparticle generation were measured by flow cytometry. Aperture closure time on collagen/ADP- and collagen/epinephrine-coated membranes was determined by a platelet function analyser (PFA-100). We found that addition of Hb raffimer to blood samples up to 50 vol % did not affect human platelets as measured by various markers of platelet activation (CD42b, CD41, PAC-1, CD62, CD63), procoagulant activity (annexin V) and microparticle formation; differences between Hb raffimer- and lactated Ringer's-diluted blood were not significant. Similarly, no adverse effect of Hb raffimer on closure time was observed at concentrations up to 50 vol %, in comparison with Ringer's solution. These data indicate that exposure of human blood to high concentrations of Hb raffimer in vitro did not cause platelet activation nor affect platelet function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".