Development of tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunoreactive systems in the brain of the larval lamprey <i>Lampetra fluviatilis</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The development of the catecholaminergic system of the brain of the lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) was studied with immunocytochemistry in a series of larvae of different sizes by using two different antibodies directed against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme of catecholamine synthesis. In group 1 larvae (length: 29-54 mm, ages: 8 months to 1.5 years), the only TH-immunoreactive somata observed were located in the caudal wall of the recessus praeopticus (RP) and in the nucleus tuberculi posterioris (NTP). In group 2 larvae (length: 55-80 mm, ages: 1.5-2.5 years), the somata of immunolabeled cells of the NTP give rise to fibers, most of which are ascending and terminate in the corpus striatum. Additional immunoreactive cells are observed in the nucleus praeopticus (NP), which has differentiated, and in the spinal cord. In group 3 larvae (length: 81-110 mm, ages: 2.5-4 years), the spatial distribution of TH-immunoreactive elements (somata, fibers, and terminals) bears many resemblances to that seen in the adult. Immunolabeled cells may be observed in the olfactory bulb, in the nucleus commissurae postopticae (NCP), and in the nucleus dorsalis hypothalami (NDH). Nevertheless, some groups of TH-immunoreactive cells found in the adult are not observed in group 3 larvae; these may appear during the metamorphic phase. By comparative analysis, we show that, in spite of several differences, the spatiotemporal sequence of appearance of TH-immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers in the lamprey presents many similarities to that described in gnathostomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".