Purine-crosslinked injectable chitosan sponges promote oligodendrocyte progenitor cells’ attachment and differentiation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells (OPCs) reside in the central nervous system (CNS) and are responsible for remyelinating axons after a spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the remyelination process is incomplete and abnormal due to the inability of OPCs to fully differentiate at the site of injury. In this study a newly developed injectable chitosan sponge crosslinked using guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP) was used to enhance OPC survival, attachment and differentiation. This purine-based biomaterial is the first of its kind and its inception was based on the growing body of literature concerning the role of purinergic signalling in the CNS. GDP-crosslinked chitosan sponges are rapidly-gelling and can be easily administered in situ using an injection system based on a double-lumen design. The chitosan sponges prompted OPC differentiation even in the presence of mitogens. Moreover, neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) was successfully entrapped in the sponges and a sustained release for up to 30 days was achieved. OPCs were shown to differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes that express myelin basic protein (MBP) when cultured on sponges containing NT-3. These findings, along with the suitable physicochemical and biological properties, make these sponges conducive to use as viable therapeutic agents for enhancing remyelination post-SCI.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".