Reactions of Iranian barley accessions to three predominant pathogens in Manitoba
Bibliographic record
Abstract
New sources of resistance to barley pathogens are most likely to be found in accessions from the centre of origin of barley, the Middle East. Fusarium head blight (mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum), spot blotch [Bipolaris sorokiniana], and net blotch [Drechslera teres] are currently the three major diseases of barley in Canada. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease of the spike while spot and net blotch are more prevalent on leaves. All three diseases can cause substantial damage by reducing both the quality and quantity of grains. This study evaluated the reactions of 160 barley accessions from Iran to these pathogens, using representative isolates from Manitoba, Canada. Several agronomical characters that may be related to resistance to FHB were also evaluated in the field nursery. Of the 160 barley accessions tested, 3 were resistant to a Canadian isolate of D. teres f. teres. Two of them were black-aleurone, hulless landraces while the third was a white-aleurone hulled barley line, derived from a cross between a cultivated Iranian barley and exotic barley germplasm. No accession was found to be resistant to B. sorokiniana or F. graminearum. The results suggest that additional resistance to D. teres may be present in other Iranian barley accessions, and underline the strategic importance of collecting, maintaining, and "mining" landrace and germplasm collections to access desirable traits.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".