Reinhold Kramer and Tom Mitchell . When the State Trembled: How A. J. Andrews and the Citizens' Committee Broke the Winnipeg General Strike . (The Canadian Social History Series.) Buffalo, N.Y.: University of Toronto Press. 2010. Pp. x, 443. $35.00.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It would be difficult to exaggerate the importance of this book for rethinking Canada's most famous industrial conflict. There have been many books and articles on the Winnipeg general strike of 1919, generating a fair amount of historiographical heat about whether it represented an example of collective bargaining or a step along the road to social revolution. Reinhold Kramer and Tom Mitchell uncovered a mountain of new archival documents that allow them to reconstruct this event in an entirely different way. They analyze the elite Citizens' Committee of One Thousand (the shadowy body with no public membership rolls, led and controlled by the most powerful men in the city) that undertook to discredit the strikers and destroy the strike. In this new narrative, the state “trembled” in a double sense: before the implicit threat to “constituted authority” when a city's work force strikes but also before the willingness of local business leaders to seize state power in order to defeat the strikers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.049 | 0.021 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".