On Origins of Time-Dependence in Contact Angle Measurements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Time-dependent variations have been observed in the contact angles of wetting fluids on surfaces of homopolymers poly(styrene) (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and copolymers of styrene and 4-vinyl pyridine (P(S-4VP)) and styrene and methacrylic acid (P(S-MAA)). Variations in the case of PS were unimportant, but significant variations occurred with the other polymers, allowing for the definition of both initial and equilibrium contact angle values. The total change in contact angles was strongly dependent on the acid-base contribution to the free energy of adsorption of the wetting fluids on the respective polymer surfaces, as determined from inverse gas chromatography experiments. A tentative correlation also linked the total change in contact angle with the ability of the polymer surfaces to reorganize when in contact with the polar wetting fluids of this study. Careful consideration must be given to the possibility of polymer surface reorganization when selecting fluids for use in the collection of reliable contact angle data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".