Pollen‐Mediated Gene Flow in Wheat at the Commercial Scale
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Currently, information is lacking on gene flow in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at distances greater than 300 m based on commercial‐scale fields. The objective of this research was to measure pollen‐mediated gene flow rates from a blue‐aleuroned pollinator (T. aestivum cv. ‘Purendo‐38’) to neighboring commercial fields of common wheat grown within a 10‐km radius of a central pollinator field. In the 2‐yr study, 33‐ha (2002) and 20‐ha (2003) fields of Purendo‐38 were sown 200 km east‐northeast of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Sixty‐nine fields in 2002 and 76 fields in 2003 were identified as having overlapping flowering relative to Purendo‐38. At maturity, up to 2 m2 samples were harvested from each corner of each recipient field. Gene flow was identified by the expression of a light‐blue pigment in the aleurone layer of F1 hybrid seed. In 2002 one case of gene flow was confirmed at 190 m northeast of the pollinator at a rate of 0.01%. In 2003 nine putative hybrid seeds were confirmed to be the result of gene flow between Purendo‐38 and the recipient field using gliadin fingerprinting. Consequently, gene flow was confirmed at 0.01% at 500 m northeast, 630 m southeast, and 2.75 km northwest from the pollinator. In commercial production, gene flow in wheat occurs at trace levels (≤ 0.01%) at distances up to 2.75 km.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".