Developmental changes in the geometry, function and responsiveness of the mouse heart to β‐adrenergic stimulation as determined by high‐resolution echocardiography
Bibliographic record
Abstract
1. The mouse is the preferred species for gene targeting as a tool for research into the heart and heart development. The developmental features of the geometry and function of the heart in young mice are not well defined and cardiac functional responses following stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors have not been investigated. 2. Using the VisualSonic (Toronto, ON, Canada) high-resolution ultrasound system, we investigated male C57BL/6 mice at 0.5-18 weeks of age. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and repeated after administration of the beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol (4 microg/kg). 3. The geometry of the left ventricle became mature 2 weeks after birth. A significant decline in left ventricular contractile function occurred at 2-3 weeks of age. 4. Inotropic and chronotropic responses to isoproterenol were significantly weaker in mice at a weaning age < 2 weeks compared with adult mice (heart rate increment 3 +/- 3% vs 32 +/- 4%, respectively; fractional shortening increment 19 +/- 5% vs 78 +/- 8%, respectively; P < 0.001). 5. In conclusion, significant changes occur in mice from birth until weaning with respect to the topography, function and beta-adrenoceptor responsiveness of the heart. The results of the present study provide a reference point for future studies in genotyping cardiac function during the postnatal phase in genetically engineered mice.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".