Near-Field Explosion Effects on the Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Columns: A Numerical Investigation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The high incidence of global terrorism and accidental explosions have highlighted the vulnerability of built infrastructure to blast loading. Thus, owners of iconic structures are looking for ways to protect their critical assets from the effects of explosions. Many of the research efforts, in this light, have been devoted to the effects of far-field explosions on structural elements. The effects of near-field explosions on structural elements, especially columns, have not been as widely investigated. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive research program designed to investigate the effects of near-field explosions on the behaviour of reinforced concrete columns designed and detailed for regions of different levels of seismicity. The numerical study shows that reinforced concrete columns subjected to blast loading from higher explosive charge masses have higher deflections than those subjected to blast loading from lower charge masses, but at the same scaled distance. Also, the effect of closely spaced transverse reinforcement is significant at smaller scaled distances. Thus, reinforced concrete columns designed and detailed for areas of high seismicity have an inherently high blast resistance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".