Spatially correlated erbium and Si nanocrystals in coimplanted SiO2 after a single high temperature anneal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a study of silicon (Si) and erbium (Er) coimplanted silica (SiO2) in which we observe, by combining high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and selective electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), a high spatial correlation between silicon nanocrystals (Si-NCs), Er, and oxygen (O) after a single high temperature (1100 °C) anneal. The observation of a spatial overlap of the EELS chemical maps of dark field (DF) images at the Er N4,5, Si L2,3, and O K edges is concomitant with an intense room temperature infrared luminescence around 1534 nm. We suggest that these observations correspond to Er–O complexes within an amorphous silicon (a-Si) shell at the Si-NC/SiO2 interface. The presence of a crystalline phase at the Si-NC center, verified by high resolution electron micrographs and DF diffraction contrast images and the low solubility of Er in crystalline Si (c-Si) would tend to suggest a preferential Er agglomeration toward the Si-NC/SiO2 interface during formation, particularly when high concentrations of both Si and Er are obtained in a narrow region of the SiO2 after coimplantation. The absence of narrow Stark related features in the Er emission spectrum at low temperature and an inhomogeneous broadening with increasing temperature, which are characteristic of Er confined by an amorphous, rather than a crystalline host further support these hypotheses. After comparing the luminescence to that from a SiO2:Er control sample prepared in exactly the same manner but without Si-NCs, we find that, despite the observed spatial correlation, only a small fraction (∼7%) of the Er are sensitized by the Si-NCs. We ascribe this low fraction to a combination of low sensitizer (Si-NC) density and Auger-type losses arising principally from Er ion-ion interactions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".