Subalpine forest damage from a severe windstorm in northern Colorado
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As windstorm intensity increases above some threshold, disturbance spread and damage patterns are expected to be less strongly shaped by preblowdown forest composition and structure than by the pattern of the storm itself. We examined this generalization by analyzing differences in wind damage among tree species and stands following a severe blowdown in 1997 affecting over 10 000 ha of subalpine forest in the Routt Divide area of northern Colorado, U.S.A. Individual tree traits such as species, height, and status as standing dead or alive strongly influenced the amount and type (uprooting vs. snapping) of wind damage. Populus tremuloides Michx. exhibited much less uprooting and overall damage than the conifers. Among the canopy trees of the conifer species, Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud and Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. sustained the lowest and highest rates of snapping, respectively. Standing dead conifers were more likely to be snapped than uprooted, and taller trees were more likely to be damaged than shorter trees. Stand-level characteristics such as stand density, amount of dead basal area, and species composition were predictive of the amount of wind damage for areas of moderate- but not high-severity blowdown. Even in such an extreme windstorm as the Routt blowdown, which had estimated wind speeds of 200250 km/h, individual tree attributes and stand-level characteristics significantly influenced the severity and type of wind damage.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it