Long-term effects of late-summer overseeding of winter rye on corn grain yield and nitrogen balance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Winter rye (Secale cereale) overseeded into standing corn (Zea mays L.) on sandy soil controlled NO 3 leaching over the short-term (3 yr). Long-term effects were unknown, so yield and N balance were monitored for an additional 6 yr with and without a rye cover crop under conventional (CT) and no-till (NT) management at six fertilizer N rates. Corn yield was greater with rye cover cropping than without in 6 of the last 7 yr. Response exceeded 1600 kg grain ha -1 (average 100–200 kg fertilizer N ha -1 ) by year 8 (wet following a dry year) and was greater under NT than CT in dry years (years 7 and 9). The response is attributed to improved soil physical properties and N availability. Rye N uptake increased with fertilizer N rate particularly following dry growing seasons, with shoots containing up to 73 kg N ha -1 . Post-harvest topsoil NO 3 was reduced by the rye in all but the initial year, and groundwater NO 3 -N concentrations only exceeded 10 mg L -1 without rye. The overseeding system facilitates utilization of conserved N and reduces movement of NO 3 to groundwater over the long term. Key words: Nitrogen management, Zea mays, Secale cereale, cover crop, soil nitrate, tillage
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".